STUDY 1
Anti-Fatigue Peptides from Cervus elaphus Blood
Supports Muscle & Recovery by improving endurance performance, lowering fatigue-related byproducts,
and preserving cellular energy stores during exertion.
31 bioactive peptides from deer blood enzymatic hydrolysate improved swimming endurance by 185-271% inmice. while reducing lactic acid and blood urea nitrogen and increasing ATP and liver glycogen.

STUDY 14
Enzymatic Hydrolysate from Velvet Antler Attenuates Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Supports Metabolism by reducing fat accumulation, body-weight gain, and insulin resistance in a high-fat diet model.

Velvet antler enzymatic hydrolysate reduced body weight gain, fat accumulation, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice by modulating lipid metabolism pathways.


STUDY 34
Anti-Obesity Effects of Oral Aloe vera Gel Extract
Supports Metabolism by suppressing weight gain and activating thermogenic fat-burning pathways.

Aloe vera gel extract suppressed body weight gain and fat accumulation in obese mice while increasing brown adipose tissue gene expression associated with thermogenesis.



STUDY 36
Health Benefits of Goji Berries: Immune and Metabolic Health Review
Supports Metabolism by documenting favorable body-weight, insulin-sensitivity, and food-conversion outcomes alongside broader antioxidant benefits.

This review documented that Lycium berry polysaccharides, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds exert antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic effects including improved food conversion and reduced body weight.


STUDY 38
Lycium barbarum Increases Caloric Expenditure and Decreases Waist Circumference
Supports Metabolism by increasing metabolic rate and improving waist-circumference outcomes in human trials.

In two randomized controlled trials, Lycium barbarum supplementation increased resting and postprandial metabolic rate by about 10% and significantly reduced waist circumference over 14 days in overweight adults.

STUDY 20
Biological Effect of Velvet Antler Polypeptides on Neural Stem Cells from Embryonic Rat Brain
Supports Cognition by promoting neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and neurotrophic support.

Velvet antler polypeptides promoted neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation into neurons and astrocytes, enhancing neurotrophic factor expression and cell survival in vitro.


STUDY 23
Pilose Antler Extracts Protect Against Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease Rat Models
Supports Cognition by protecting neurons, preserving dopamine signaling, and improving neurological function under degenerative stress.

Pilose antler extracts protected dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced damage, restored dopamine levels, and improved locomotor function through antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms.

STUDY 29
Velvet Antler Methanol Extracts Ameliorate Parkinson’s Disease
Supports Cognition by reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and protein-aggregation stress in Parkinson’s models.

Velvet antler methanol extracts protected against 6-OHDA neurodegeneration by reducing TNF-α and IL-6, inhibiting oxidative stress, and preventing α-synuclein aggregation.



STUDY 35
Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium barbarum on Neurobehavioral Changes and Neuronal Loss
Supports Cognition by improving spatial memory and protecting neurons under stress exposure.

Lycium barbarum berry extract improved spatial memory, reduced hippocampal neuronal loss, and enhanced neuroprotective brain-cell markers in radiation-exposed mice.



STUDY 40
Shilajit: A Novel Neuroprotective Agent for Alzheimer’s Disease
Supports Cognition by promoting neuronal outgrowth and reducing tau-related degenerative stress.

Shilajit fractions promoted neurite growth, increased neuronal processes in cultured cells, and inhibited tau protein self-aggregation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.

STUDY 41
Shilajit: A Natural Phytocomplex with Procognitive Activity

Supports Cognition by reinforcing mental clarity, memory, and long-term cognitive resilience through antioxidant neuroprotection.

This review documented that Shilajit's fulvic and humic acid content supports mental clarity, memory, and cognitive function through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection.

STUDY 12
Effects of Velvet Antler Polypeptide on Sexual Behavior and Testosterone Synthesis in Aging Males
Supports Drive by improving sexual performance and supporting testosterone-related steroidogenic pathways in aging males.

Velvet antler polypeptide improved sexual performance and significantly increased testosterone synthesis in aged mice through upregulation of StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD enzymes.

STUDY 37
Administration of Goji (Lycium) Extracts Improves Erectile Function in Aged Rat
Supports Drive by improving sexual function, testosterone levels, nitric-oxide signaling, and vascular response.

Goji extract in aged rats increased serum testosterone, enhanced nitric oxide synthase expression, improved intracavernosal pressure, and reduced oxidative stress in penile tissue.


STUDY 42
Clinical Assessment of Tribulus terrestris Extract in Female Sexual Dysfunction
Supports Drive by improving desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction in a human clinical trial.

A 90-day randomized controlled trial with 144 female subjects found Tribulus terrestris extract produced statistically significant improvements across all five domains of sexual function, with 88.33% showing improvement.

STUDY 5

Bone Metabolism Associated with Annual Antler Regeneration
Supports Bone Health by highlighting rapid bone-turnover mechanisms relevant to density, remodeling, and skeletal resilience.

Deer regenerate up to 25 kg of bone mineral within 110 days annually, revealing mechanisms of rapid bone turnover that parallel pathways implicated in osteoporosis reversal.


STUDY 7
DAV May Improve Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density
Supports Bone Health by promoting bone-building pathways while reducing bone-resorption activity.

Deer antler velvet components promoted osteoblast proliferation and mineralization via BMP-2, MAPK, and insulin signaling while inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.


STUDY 10
Effect of Pilose Antler Polypeptide on Bone Homeostasis in Osteoporosis
Supports Bone Health by promoting bone formation while suppressing bone breakdown and inflammatory stress pathways.

Pilose antler polypeptide promoted bone formation through BMP-2/Smad1 signaling and inhibited bone resorption via NF-κB and MAPK pathways, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.


STUDY 13
Effects of Velvet Antler with Blood on Bone in Ovariectomized Rats
Supports Bone Health by improving density and strength markers in a postmenopausal bone-loss model.

Velvet antler combined with blood improved bone mineral density and strength in an ovariectomized postmenopausal rat model by enhancing bone formation markers and reducing resorption.



STUDY 18
Investigating Molecular Control of Deer Antler Extract on Articular Cartilage
Supports Bone Health by protecting cartilage metabolism and reducing inflammatory degradation associated with joint wear.

Deer antler extract modulated cartilage metabolism by suppressing inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes, reducing cartilage degradation in arthritis models.

STUDY 28
Velvet Antler in Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Network Pharmacology)
Supports Bone Health by connecting velvet antler compounds to postmenopausal bone-formation pathways.

Network pharmacology identified 233 targets connecting velvet antler compounds to postmenopausal osteoporosis via PI3K/Akt and MAPK bone formation pathways.


STUDY 39
Accelerating Effect of Shilajit on Osteogenic Property of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Supports Bone Health by accelerating osteogenic differentiation and bone-formation markers at the cellular level.

Shilajit significantly accelerated osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition in both 2D and 3D cultures.

STUDY 16
Hematopoietic Effect of Deer Antler Extract Fermented by Bacillus
Supports Immune health by enhancing blood-cell production and upstream hematopoietic signaling.

Fermented deer antler extract enhanced hematopoiesis by elevating stem cell factor and G-CSF levels and increasing hematopoietic progenitor colony formation.


STUDY 31
Natural Sources of Antioxidants (Aloe vera Review)
Supports Immune health through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection against oxidative stress.

Aloe vera contains multiple bioactive antioxidant compounds including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolics providing anti-inflammatory and protective effects against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

STUDY 6
Combination of Red Ginseng and Velvet Antler Extracts Prevents Skin Damage**
Supports Skin & Tissue by protecting skin integrity against oxidative and inflammatory damage associated with photoaging.

Combined extract significantly protected against UV-induced keratinocyte cell death, reducing oxidative stress and preserving skin integrity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synergy.


STUDY 11
Effects of Red Deer Antlers on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Full-Thickness Rat Models
Supports Skin & Tissue by accelerating wound closure, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration.

Red deer antler extract accelerated wound epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition, and elevated growth factor expression, resulting in significantly faster full-thickness wound closure.



STUDY 25
Systemic Factors Associated with Antler Growth Promote Complete Wound Healing
Supports Skin & Tissue by linking regenerative growth-period factors with complete, scarless wound healing outcomes.

Systemic factors including IGF-1 and PGR4 present during antler regeneration promoted complete, scarless wound healing in deer versus scarring during non-regeneration periods.



STUDY 27
VAP-PLGA Microspheres Promote Wound Healing in Chronic Skin Ulcers
Supports Skin & Tissue by improving chronic wound healing and angiogenic repair signaling.

Velvet antler peptide delivered via PLGA microspheres combined with adipose-derived stem cells enhanced chronic wound healing via PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway activation and increased angiogenesis.

STUDY 33
Effects of Low-Dose Aloe Sterol Supplementation on Skin Moisture and Collagen
Supports Skin & Tissue by improving hydration, barrier function, and dermal collagen content in humans.

A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 60 healthy women showed daily Aloe sterol significantly increased skin barrier function, hydration, and dermal collagen content versus placebo.

STUDY 9
Determination of Chemical Components and Phospholipids of Velvet Antler

Supports Stem Cell Science by validating the breadth of bioactive compounds that may underpin regenerative and signaling activity.

UPLC/QTOF-MS analysis identified 87 distinct bioactive compounds in velvet antler including key phospholipids supporting cell membrane structure and growth factor activity.

STUDY 30
In Vitro Effects of Velvet Antler Water Extracts on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Supports Gut Health by strengthening intestinal-barrier function and tight-junction integrity.

Velvet antler water extracts enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function by increasing tight junction proteins including occludin, ZO-1, and claudin while protecting against barrier disruption.